📈 Amortization Formula
M = P × [r(1+r)^n] / [(1+r)^n - 1]
Where:
M = Monthly payment
P = Principal loan amount
r = Monthly interest rate
n = Number of payments
💰 Extra Payments
Extra payments go directly toward principal, reducing:
• Total interest paid
• Loan term length
• Future interest calculations
Even small extra payments can save thousands!
🏛️ Property Taxes & Insurance
Lenders often require escrow for:
• Property taxes (1-3% of home value)
• Homeowners insurance (0.3-0.5%)
• PMI if down payment < 20%
These add to your monthly housing costs.
📊 Regional Differences
Mortgage terms vary by country:
• US: 30-year fixed common
• UK: 25-year with 5-10% down
• Japan: 35-year with low rates
• Germany: 20-year with strict requirements